The Believer, By And Criticism Of Jews - 993 Words

Throughout history the Jewish people have undertaken a great deal of enslavement. They were first enslaved by the Egyptians than later enslaved by the Germans. Their enslavement has defined their identity. One can dispute the Jews would not be in existence if they were not enslaved. From the article, The Sacrifice of Daniel, on the Believer, author Josh Kun disputes, â€Å"there is no Jewish identity if the Jew is loved.† (Kun p. 369). The Jewish identity is rooted in a passive identity with a need to be detested by superior identities. This shows the Jewish sexual identity has a lack of masculinity. From Henry Bean’s film The Believer, the protagonist, Danny Balint, a Jewish neo-Nazi. Danny’s hatred and criticism of Jews and himself is rooted†¦show more content†¦Qualities associated with a man comprise of exhibiting courage, independence and assertiveness. In The Believer, there was a scene where Danny is beating on the Jewish boy, he had a lack of courage, independence, and assertiveness, qualities he could have utilized to defend himself from Danny. This is what solidified the belief that, â€Å"the Jew only knows who the Jew is when the Jew is hated.† (Kun p. 369). Danny wanted the Jewish boy to hit him back to defend the Jewish boy in Danny, to attest Jews are capable of fighting back. The Jewish community also showed their lack of masculinity in reaction to the film. In Josh Kun’s article, Kun restates what The Los Angles Times, Entertainment Weekly reported, â€Å"Rabbi Cooper made it clear to Paramount that the centre would not publicly support the film because of its content.† (Kun p. 370). By having the rabbi publicly state the Jewish community will not support the film illustrates that the community is incapable of being critical of themselves. The Rabbi represents the Father of the Jews. The obedience to the rabbi represents the obedience to God. The Jewish community must obey their rabbi. There are Jew’s in the community that have concerns of their religious community, such as Kun who states, â€Å"I am listening to the film’s protagonist, Daniel Balint, an Orthodox Jew turned Nazi skinhead rant about Jews, and I am agreeing with him.† (Kun p. 369). Rabbi Cooper’s unacceptance of the film, The Believer, givesShow M oreRelatedThe Apostle Of The Gospel And The Relationship Between Jews And Gentiles Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesImagine the great challenge the Apostle Paul faced to preach the Gospel and the relationship between Jews and Gentiles. During the times that Romans was written, Rome was the epicenter of the ancient world and contained a myriad of subcultures. One of the more recognizable verses in Romans; â€Å"For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is God’s power for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, and also to the Greek† (Romans 1:16), proves Paul’s devotion his mission that everyone preachRead MoreCriticism Of Andrew Clark An American Politician From The Early 1800s2728 Words   |  11 Pagesescape the inevitability (in ev i ta bility) of criticism. Aristotle once said, â€Å"Criticism is something we can avoid easily by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing.† But I beg to disagree because people will criticize you for saying nothing, doing nothing and being nothing. Someone once said, Criticism is the muck in which the plants of the Lord grow strong and no child of God should fear Criticism. Criticism has the potential to help believers in their spiritual growth? Listen to what FrankRead MoreDefense of The Passion of the Christ Against Charges of Anti-Semitism806 Words   |  4 PagesThe controversial motion picture The Passion of the Christ has been at the height of discussion since first word of its inception. Throughout history both Christians and Jews have been at odds and many have taken their passions, perceptions, and perversions of the Cross of Christ to the extreme. The core issue is that the Jews have been blamed for the death of Jesus Christ. The movie Passion o f the Christ portrayed the last twelve hours of Christs life before and up to the crucifixion. ReligiousRead MoreThe Fundamental Characteristics Of A Theodicy, A Rational Explanation For Evil, And Morally Good1440 Words   |  6 Pageswill address the three conclusions scholars have reached: theodicy is possible, there is a human inability to construct a convincing theodicy, and a completely rejection of any possibility for theodicy. After presenting these options, I will offer criticisms as well as explain my own rationale for supporting Wiesel’s claim that G-d deserves to be questioned because He bears responsibility for evil in the world. Elie Wiesel’s theodicy is one of protest. People who share this view stay fully faithfulRead MoreThe Passion of the Christ1011 Words   |  5 Pagesof the mob demanding execution, Pilate yields to it (Oxtoby amp; Amore 172). According to authors Oxtoby and Amore, the crime Jesus was being accused of perverting the people and claiming to be the king of the Jews (168). â€Å"In reality, Pilate was harsh and vicious in his treatment of Jews and had thousands of them crucified (Robinson).† Several critics were troubled by the film’s explicitly detailed violence and further criticized the film for focusing on the brutality of Jesus’ execution, insteadRead MoreEliezer Wiesels Relationships1270 Words   |  6 PagesNight, the relationship between God and man is first questioned and then reversed: God becomes the guilty one who has transgressed and who deserves to be on trial. God, not man, has broken His promises and betrayed His people† (Estees). As a strong believer in God himself, Elie would not think that God would put these loving people through the Holocaust. No one deserves to be beaten, starved, and killed just for their different skin complexion, or their religious belief, or even their social class.Read MoreSteering the World toward World War II1186 Words   |  5 PagesRevolution led by Lenin in and ended with the rise of Hitler’s Germany. After a series of short and violent revolutions, Germany started to settle down under the ill-fated Weimar Republic. The Weimar Republic mostly suffered from the lack of believers in the democratic process. During the early twenties the German people were attempting to recover from the ruins of World War I. Entire banks had been wiped out, the savings of the middle class were drained due to inflation, and the threat of socialismRead MoreThe Epistle Of 1st John1633 Words   |  7 Pagesepistle, as well as the other writings, to any another author. DATE To fix a dated for the writing of this epistle, an investigation of the writing of the Gospel of John must be made with consideration for controlling historical events. The revolt of the Jews in Judea beginning around AD 66 which led ultimately to the Roman destruction of the temple in AD 70 seems to set the earliest date of writing for the Gospel. John was among the Christians who migrated from Jerusalem and Judea after the death of JamesRead MoreThe Medieval Religion Of Islam1299 Words   |  6 Pagesalternate sides cut off, or will be expelled out of the land. Such will be their degradation in the world, and in the Hereafter theirs will be an awful doom’ in other words this verse calls for the mass extermination or genocide of non-Muslims and non-believers, how can you then call Islam a religion of peace? There are hundreds of other verses and extracts of which I could highlight however I think it will be more beneficial to point out the major misconceptions of Islam and a lso the best way of goingRead MoreMartin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) Was1254 Words   |  6 Pageswere written in an academic style and a tone that was remarkably humble. They went on to become the building blocks of the Protestant Reformation, they. Luther’s central idea were contained in the first two theses, that it was God intentions for believers to seek repentance and through faith alone, and not deeds, which would eventually lead to salvation . The other 93 theses supported first two and directly disparaged the practice of indulgences. Overall, the thrust of the document was nonetheless

Lack Of Community Based Mental Health - 2077 Words

Lack of Community-Based Mental Health Services Meaghan Metz Stony Brook University Professor. David Hymowitz The Community and the Issue According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (2016), â€Å"One in 5 adults experiences a mental health condition every year. 1 One in 17 lives with a serious mental illness. Close Panel † NAMI goes on to describe the mental health community as comprised of those not only experiencing a mental illness, but their family members, friends, and the societal contexts in which they live (NAMI, 2016). According to an infographic released by NAMI (2016), severe and persistent mental illness costs our country $193.2 billion dollars in lost earnings yearly. It has been stated that, 20 percent adults diagnosed with a mental illness did not receive needed mental health services (Mental Health America, 2015, p. 25). This is in part due to a lack in the provision of accessible and available community-based mental health services. Advocacy Plan Advocacy is a key function of a social worker’s role (National Association of Social Workers [NASW], 2016). In order to effectively advocate for the communities in which we work, we must create an advocacy plan. As the primary social worker addressing this community’s issue of inadequate services, I will need an advocacy plan. There are many models of advocacy planning available. For the purposes of this issue, I have chosen to follow the advocacy plan laid out by the Steve Buckley and theShow MoreRelatedMental Health Service Delivery Models1146 Words   |  5 PagesMental health illness is related to a group of illness, anxiety and stress are the most common health problems. Mental illness affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other people (Department of Health, 2007). Mental health service delivery models in Australia has significantly changed from institutional care to the community care setting (Frost et al., 2017). This easy will discuss about he changes in services before and post institutional, how recovery model introduced inRead MoreMental Health and the Homeless Community Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] used the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ definition of mental illness as â€Å"health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning† (2011). Our community is exposed to a large number of individuals with mental illness. Among those individuals are the widespread homeless populations. The United States DepartmentRead MorePost Traumatic Stress1171 Words   |  5 Pageshead: MENTAL HEALTH: THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE Running head: MENTAL HEALTH: THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE 2 African Americans living in urban, low-income, impoverished environments are at high risk for exposure to traumatic events, and have a potential prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to previous and repeated trauma exposure. African-Americans living in urban, low income communities with continuous exposure to community violenceRead MoreThe Mental Impairment And Unfitness Act1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1997 Mental Impairment and Unfitness Act has been effective in helping courts to determine persons to place on supervision. However, the determination of whether the policy’s goals are being accomplished in relatively difficult because a huge number of mentally ill offenders are being downgraded to extended status during custodial supervision orders. Moreover, offenders who have been released into the community’s care have been granted such measures through revocation of supervision ordersRead MoreAn Individual s Health Status Of Your Vulnerable Group1700 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL ILLNESS Predisposing factors and how it presents in the lifestyle/health status of your vulnerable group. An individual’s mental health or psychological well being determine if the person will be able to lead a fulfilling life. Mental health may affect a person’s emotional, social, and personal aspect of their life. Individuals who have biological relative with mental illness, exposure to toxins, drugs or alcohol during pregnancy, stress, chronic medical condition, brain damage, traumaticRead MoreHispanic Culture s Influence On Health Patterns And Behaviors Exhibited By The Community Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesCultural, traditional, and religious values have an influence on health patterns and behaviors exhibited by the community. Hispanic culture is dominant due to the close proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border. Fifty-two percent of households use a language other than English at home (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Therefore, an understanding of Hispanic culture is necessary for health care workers to effectively care for patients in this community. Yuma County has been designated as a medically underservedRead MoreGay, Lesbian, Bisexual And Transgendered Youth ( Lgbt )1610 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of discrimination among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered youth (LGBT). This research will identify the different types of discrimination that affect LGBT students, grades 9 through 12, and the mental health impacts discrimination has on LGBT youth. The data provided is from a school-based, empirical survey conducted in 2009 by Joanna Almeida, Renee M. Johnson, Heather L. Corliss, Beth E. Molnar and Deborah Azrael. Their survey measured the number of LGBT youth in Boston, Massachusetts, duringRead MoreLaw Enforcement Interactions With The Mentally Ill Community1674 Words   |  7 Pageswith the mentally ill community are increasing, due to a number of factors such as cuts on long-term psychiatric beds, improvements in treatments and the philosophy of integration (Adelman, 2003). Which leads to mentally ill people living in the community, which leads to increase crisis and police interaction because of insufficient funding. Existing community-based crisis response services are not well unified and are limited, especially in rural areas. General hospital-based emergency services canRead MoreMental Health Awareness And Improvement Act Of 2015972 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health is a state of social, emotional and psychological well-being. Mental health affects every part of our life and determines our ability to function, handle stress and make decisions. Throughout life, we have good and bad experiences which affect how we handle situations. The Mental Health Awareness and Improvement Act of 2015 was passed on September 30, 2015. The purpose of this act is to improve programs ordered by the Department of Health and Human Services to increase awareness, preventionRead MoreRelationship Between Refugees, Education And Socio Cultural Factors Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesfear of being persecuted based on race, culture or other factors, is a refugee (Woster, 2012, p. 95). Due to this persecution and fear, refugees often resort to fleeing to other countries for asylum. In light of recent events, the rise of refugees has increased, reaching to a rough estimate of 26, 166 new refugees in Canada alone (Hansen, Maidment, Ahmad, 2016, p. S9). With the numbers escalating and with the nature of refugee experiences, it is no surprise that the health care system will be severely

Job Analysis and Human Resource Requirement Free Essays

* HR Career Feature Job Analysis in Human Resources by Surajit Sen Sharma Human resources personnel need to be prepared to modify job specifications and job descriptions on an everyday basis. To achieve organizational success, it is crucial to identify and determine the jobs that the organization needs performed in order to reach its strategic goals. Job analysis is therefore a vital function of human resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Analysis and Human Resource Requirement or any similar topic only for you Order Now | | | + Enlarge| | Human resource departments must analyze multiple aspects of a company in order to stay in the competition. | | What is job analysis? Job analysis may be defined as a methodical process of collecting information on the functionally relevant aspects of a job. Job analysis tells the human resources personnel: * the time it takes to complete relevant tasks * the tasks that are grouped together under a single job position * the ways to design or structure a job for maximizing employee performance * the employee behavioral pattern associated with performance of the job * the traits and attributes of a proper candidate for the job * the ways the data can be used to develop human resource management What is the need for job analysis? Three major factors create the need for job analysis: * statutory concerns, such as equal employment opportunity * responses to business competition—recruiting and retaining talent * technological changes that create new jobs and render others obsolete What are the uses of job analysis information? Job analysis information is used in human resources on a regular basis to define: * Job description: A job description gives an account of the work and duties associated with a particular job. It describes the way the job is performed currently. Most job descriptions contain the following information: * the job name summary description of the job * a list of duties for the job * a list of organizational responsibilities related to the job * Job specifications: Job specifications define the characteristics of the activities associated with the job and given in the job description. They describe the skill sets and qualifications that a candidate for the job should possess. * Job class ification: Job classification groups similar jobs into classes and families. This simplifies the overview for managers and is essential for streamlined functioning of an organization. Job evaluation: Job evaluation involves finding out the monetary worth of a job and helps to set up equitable pay structures. * Job design: Job design integrates employee needs with productivity needs to maximize worker efficiency. The conclusions draw from this data will often be: * Identifying training needs of personnel * Creating recruitment strategies * Making performance reviews Without proper job analysis by the human resources department, it is difficult for any organization to remain competitive and be able to attract and retain talent. How to cite Job Analysis and Human Resource Requirement, Papers

Platform Technologies PowerEdge T630 Tower Server

Question: Write about thePlatform Technologiesfor PowerEdge T630 Tower Server. Answer: Bill of Material Item Price Quantity Cost PowerEdge T630 Tower Server (Dell, 2017) $1799 1 $1799 HP 23.8 Touch-Screen All-in-one (BestBuy, 2017) $629 1 $629 Crossfire Gaming PC (SuperTech Computers, 2017) $1999 1 $1999 Server PowerEdge T630 Tower Server is a member of 13th generation pf PowerEdge servers that are versatile and have high performance. It has the latest Intel Xeon processor which supports rapid response times. The server gas extended capacity as it supports more hard drives than previous server generations and bring new capabilities such as medical imaging, server virtualization, and graphical rendering which are appropriate for serving many doctors in the hospital. It supports 32 X 2.5 hard drives and can store large mailboxes which can be essential in reducing costs per mailbox. The server also incorporates easy and flexible storage configurations that can allow the hospital management to meet its workload requirements. The drive space available can allow affordable expansion of the server. T630 incorporates express flash solid stage drives and an optional PowerEdge RAID Controller which makes the server ideal for various IOPs-intensive operations done by doctors such as database managemen t, decision support, and enterprise resource planning. It provides a space for adding optional SanDisk DAS Cache which can increase application acceleration and improve speeds in accessing data. The server also incorporates In-server storage tiering which are instrumental in optimizing the virtual storage critical for VMware. Additionally, the server supports up to four optional GPU accelerators which improve server performance and capability. With T630, the doctors can manage the server in the way they want. The server can be managed remotely, individually, or collectively which supports consistent administration and ensures effective management. The server is embedded with Remote Access Controller and various timesaving management features that eliminate complexity of server administration and enhance server configuration. The server is ideal for the doctors as it provides real-time monitoring features and supports automation to optimize data center efficiency. T630 comes with automated deployment feature which auto-configures the server which is key in reducing setup time as well as minimizing configuration errors. Server updates are synchronized to the firmware which simplifies updates. Computer HP is ideal for the doctors as it has many features that can support their operations and improve efficiency. The computer comes with Windows 10 operating system which eliminates the need for installing another OS. It has a multi-touch screen which enhances user experience. It supports a native 1920 X 1080 resolution which showcases impressive graphics that are clear at a 16:9 ration. The computer comes with 7th Gen intel processor and supports four way processing with its dual core processors which optimizes its performance. It has an 8GB ram that allows the computer to support advanced multitasking such as running games and graphics editing applications as well as opening many browser tabs simultaneously. It has 1 TB hard drive which provides a large file storage space for holding collection of digital files such as documents needed by the doctors. The hard drive had a high spindle speed of 7200 rpm which enables quick rapid read/write times crucial in handling large applications a nd files. The computers comes with cloud support which allows individuals to store their documents to Dropbox for secure storage and access. It has built-in media reader that supports various memory card formats and photo transfer. It has 2 USB ports that are optimized that are compatible with USB 2.0 devices and support high-speed devices. It incorporates a Wireless-AC router which supports a fast wireless network and has an Ethernet LAN port that can plugged into wired network. It supports wireless keyboard and mouse which reduces cable clutter. Additionally, it has a multimedia software package such as PowerDirector, Netflix, HP Recivery Manager, etc. Gaming Laptop Crossfire Gaming PC is appropriate for this situation as it has robust features essential in supporting a superb gaming experience. The PC has Core i7 CPU and 3.4GHz processor which is perfect for demanding tasks. It has superb performance and supports amazing visuals. Besides supporting HD and 3D, it allows multitasking. It has incorporated Hyper-Threading Technology which allows users to effortlessly use various applications during multitasking. The doctors can enjoy the burst of speed with the Turbo Boost Technology incorporated in the PC. Additionally, it has a suite of in-built visual enhancements which enhance user experience with movies, photos, and games. The PC comes with the Award winning ASUS motherboard which has an in-built Intel Z97 Chipset. The chipset and the 4th generation Intel processor platform in the PC delivers superb performance and improves PC responsiveness. The chipset also supports various overclocking features of unlocked Intel processors. The PC has 16GB DDR Dual Channel RAM which provide adequate memory to handle multiple tasks and processes handled by the CPU. The RAM can be upgraded to 32GB. With a dual channel RAM, the data path is increased by using two sticks of RAM. This gives CPU another data path to memory which doubles bandwidth. This effectively allows large amounts of data to travel faster hence increase PC performance and reduce response times. Backup Solution The appropriate backup solution in this case is Digital Linear Tape (DLT). DLT are drives that can store over 20 GB of data. DLT technology has been around for several years and has grown with time. Having been coupled with RAID technology, DLT drives offer data accuracy and have are more fault tolerant than other backup technologies. Besides high data backup capabilities, the DLT design is more reliable than its other technologies (Dee 2008). In helical scan drives, the tape moves via a complex path which results in abrasion of the tape and the heads. DLT design reduces tension and abrasion hence the tapes have higher lifespan. DLT technology relies on laser-guided magnetic recording which increase number of recording tracks available on the tape media. The technology supports data compression and is compatible with various older DLT technologies hence can read and write unto regular DLR cartridges. Inception of Super DLT tapes has boosted performance of the DLT technology. These tapes can store more information on one cartridge and have a high speed which increases speed of backing up data. Competing technologies may offer fast backups but the tapes have little space for storing the data as opposed to the large space offered by DLT. DLT tapes uses a new recording format but it maintains backwards compatibility with various previous DLT technologies (Alfano 2007). It has the ability to read older DLT tapes which implies it would be useful in enabling firms to maintain data archives in a useable form. With current demands for storage growing, DLT is an appropriate solution that supports the dynamic storage needs and meets client requirements. DB-Watch can be appropriate as it allows automatic data backup. With DB-Watch, the backup process can be configured to run automatically when the server is started (DbWatch, 2015). This can be achieved when installing the software. After installing DB-Watch, it provides an option to automatically start on the server. Having selected this option, the software can back up the database regularly. Reinstalling DB-Watch program can allow users to configure it to back up the database regularly. With DB-Watch configured to run automatically, one has to configure the backup specifications to provide instructions to DB-Watch on how and when to perform data backups. This can be achieved by relying on the DB-Support process. DB-Watch includes a DB-Support feature which performs many roles such as controlling how the program operates. With DB-Watch, one can define backup specifications. References Alfano, A.D. and Bhushan, B., 2007. Magnetic evaluation of advanced metal-evaporated tape in an advanced linear tape drive.Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials,308(1), pp.153-164. BestBuy, 2017. HP - 23.8" Touch-Screen All-In-One - Intel Core i3 - 8GB Memory - 1TB Hard Drive - HP finish in black. [Online] Available at: https://www.bestbuy.com/site/hp-23-8-touch-screen-all-in-one-intel-core-i3-8gb-memory-1tb-hard-drive-hp-finish-in-black/5759902.p?skuId=5759902 [Accessed 1 May 2017]. DbWatch, 2015. Monitoring - dbWatch AS. [Online] Available at: www.dbwatch.com/Websites/dbwatch/images/.../Produktark_2016_monitoring.pdf [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Dee, R.H., 2008. Magnetic tape for data storage: an enduring technology.Proceedings of the IEEE,96(11), pp.1775-1785. Dell, 2017. PowerEdge T630 Tower Server. [Online] Available at: https://www.dell.com/us/business/p/poweredge-t630/pd?oc=pe_t630_1023_amodel_id=poweredge-t630[Accessed 1 May 2017]. SuperTech Computers, 2017. CROSSFIRE GAMING PC. [Online] Available at: https://www.supertechcomputers.com.au/crossfire_gaming_pc.htm[Accessed 1 May 2017].

Sociological theories of interpersonal violence Essay Example

Sociological theories of interpersonal violence Paper Violence can mean many different things to different people. The term violence can be used precisely or vaguely and can take many different forms including physical, sexual, verbal, psychological, emotional, social, spatial and financial abuse. This makes it very difficult to find a definition of violence that works for all situations and at all times. Therefore violence, what is meant by violence, and whether there is a notion of violence at all, are historically, socially and culturally constructed (Hearn 1998: 15). What is named as violent in one situation may not be named as violent in another; therefore violence is both historically and culturally specific. There are many different theories as to why men are more violent than women. These theories include biological theories, which focus on hormonal patterns and aggression; psychological theories, which focus on personality types and disorders; psychoanalysis, which looks at projection and displacement and sociological theories, which focus on concepts grounded in interpersonal, collective, institutional, structural or societal processes (Hearn 1998: 17). Biological theories propose that women are naturally less violent than men. Maccoby and Jacklin (1975) describe how women display aggression and interpersonal responses which are different to that of men, which mean that situations are usually resolved without incurring violent behaviour. Biological theories of how violence naturally occurs rely on explanations of differences between male and female chromosomes, hormones, genetics and territoriality. During research in the 1960s biologists found a number of genetic abnormalities in the cells of humans. As Ainsworth (2000) describes, one of these abnormalities was a condition which was labelled XYY. The name came from the discovery that a small proportion of males had an extra Y chromosome (males normally have one X and one Y chromosome, hence XY). This meant that the men with XYY had double male chromosomes, an abnormality which became nicknamed the supermale syndrome. The syndrome became associated with violent crime as it was claimed that these men were twice as aggressive and violent than the average male (Price et al. 1966 and Jarvik et al. 1973 Cited in Ainsworth 2000). However, later research showed that while XYY males were more likely to be involved with crime they were not necessarily more likely to be involved with specifically violent crimes (Witken at al. 1976 Cited in Ainsworth 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological theories of interpersonal violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological theories of interpersonal violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological theories of interpersonal violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some biologists suggest that human aggression is hereditary. As Ainsworth (2000) describes, one way of examining this claim is through the studies of twins. Identical twins have identical genetic make-up, so if aggression is hereditary then both twins should, in theory, display identical levels of aggression. However from studies carried out of identical twins that are brought up in different environments it has been shown that they often display different levels off aggression and therefore theorists have suggested that levels of aggression are much more closely related to environment rather than genetic make-up. Biological explanations are highly criticised for neglecting ideas of power, cultural and historical relativity and morality. Psychological explanations, on the other hand, locate explanation in mind, mental processs that transcend sex/gender or nature of the male of masculine psyche (Hearn 1998: 20). However, both biological and psychological explanations are criticised because they dont address interrelations of body and society, and of body, mind and society. (Hearn 1998: 20). This leads us to the psychoanalytical explanations of violence which include intrapsychic conflict, personality disorders, denial mechanisms, developmental deficiencies/impaired ego, narcissism, traumatic childhood, machoism (Dankwort 1992-3 cited in Hearn 1998: 21). Through the psychoanalytical perspective it is not violence that is the focus of attention, but instead the dynamics of violence which are more closely considered. Hearn (1998) describes how Freudian and Neo-freudian theorists believe that violence is internally driven, in other words violence is located inside a person. Freud describes how exaggerated masculinities cause men to act violently to compensate for their fears of femininity and of women taking control. Chodorow (1978 cited in Hearn 1998) goes on to explain how the development of a rigid ego is created by men to cope with separation from their mother and the absence of their father. This rigid ego derives from notions of how to be a man which involves the idea of the need to be aggressive in order to show masculinity. However psychoanalytical theories are criticised for placing too much blame on the victim. For example, in the case of domestic violence it is suggested that women let it happen because of treatment they received as children. Because of this psychoanalytical theories are often labelled as not feminist or antiwoman. (Hearn 1998: 21). Despite this, psychoanalytical explanations remain very powerful and influential in the social sciences, although more socially located theories have become increasingly significant. Socially located theories suggest then it is men with social dispositions, not psychological dispositions who are prone to violence (Hearn 1998). There are various socially located theories which include the Social Learning Theory, Socialization and Cognitive-Behavioural Analysis. All of these are based on the same basic idea that mens violence is behaviour which men learn. Although psychoanalytical theories suggest that observing other people committing violence or even expressing ones anger in a non-violent way may actually reduce violence in a person, this is not the case in sociological explanations where it is believed that violence is externally derived. Sociologists argue that violent behaviour can be closely related to an individuals socialization, namely through learning theories. Jones (2000) describes how there is a possibility that the expression of some violent behaviour is causally connected to either observation or experience of aggression. He discusses how human behaviour is based on learned experiences rather than instinct or some other innate characteristic (Jones 2000: 49). One of the best-known sociological theories of socialization is Sutherlands theory of differential association (Sutherland 1947 cited in Jones 2000). He argues that cultural, in this case delinquent, behaviour is learnt through interaction with others. Most people come into contact with both law-breaking people and law-abiding people, but it is when a person has more contact with the law-breakers that they become delinquent. Ray (2000 cited in Hearn 1998) describes how the crisis of masculinity could also be a causal factor of male violence. The crisis of masculinity refers to, amongst other things, increasing unemployment combined with increasing womens equality. Due to unemployment young men or lads begin spending more time on the street, (they dont want to go home as they believe that home is the womans place) and so have more chance to commit crime. Real manhood is based on devotion to group membership, particularly that of street gangs. These gangs or subcultures (Hearn 1998: 30) use violence as a way of confirming status in street culture and so encourage young men to act aggressively and violently. Sutherlands theory of differential association (1947 cited in Jones 2000) becomes clear in Rays (2000 cited in Hearn 1998) connection between real manhood and male violence; a person becomes violent because of stronger exposure to people who commit violence than those who dont, through association with other violent males on the streets. The social learning theory outlines the idea that violence is observed and then reproduced or imitated and focuses on past experiences, especially from childhood (Hearn 1998). According to social learning theorists early experiences in the childhood form a persons personality, basically if a child witnesss a parent being violent they are more likely to be violent themselves, even if it does not become obvious until later in their adult life. However social learning theorists also accept that if children witness violence being used as a punishment then they are less likely to copy, and therefore will be deterred from violence (Bandura 1973; 1977). Children develop learned patterns of violence through intergenerational relations (Hearn 1998; Hoffman et al 1994; Ainsworth 2000). However the exact process of learning violence is often less clear and there is a divide between theorists who believe that individuals learn through cognitive structuring, personality formation, behavioural reinforcement and modelling (Jones 2000; Hearn 1998). Cognitive-behavioural analysis looks at particular forms of learning that have taken place for particular individuals and how reproduction of violence occurs through intergenerational learning and socialization. Goldstein (1989:124 cited in Hearn 1998) identifies the three main areas in which aggression is learned: in the home, school and the mass media. He theorises that learning is either direct through individual practice of aggression or indirect through observation of people being rewarded for aggressive behaviour. Hotaling and Sugarman (1986) suggest that men who are violent to their wives were traumatized as children, either through being abused themselves or through witnessing abuse of their mother by their father, again focusing on the intergenerational production of violence. Bandura (1973; 1977), a major proponent of Social Learning Theory, combined aspects of behaviourism and cognitive psychology. He argued that people learn their behaviours not only through the idea of rewards and punishments achieved through certain types of behaviour but also through observing other peoples actions. By doing this individuals can learn to anticipate the effectiveness of particular courses of action in achieving desired goals (Jones 2000: 51; Hoffman at al 1994). To reinforce his theory Bandura conducted an experiment involving a Bobo doll (Bandura 1973; 1977). In this experiment, he had some children witness an adult aggressively attacking a plastic clown called the Bobo doll. The children watched a video where a model aggressively beat up a doll. In order to frustrate the children, after the video they were placed in a room with attractive toys, but they could not touch them. Then the children who had watched the video and some other children who had not witnessed the violence, were led to another room where there were identical toys to those used in the Bobo video. Bandura found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model (Ainsworth 2000; Bandura 1973; Bandura 1977; Hoffman et al 1994; Jones 2000). However there are also many criticisms of these theories as the exact process of how social learning or socialization takes place is often unclear and often represent a very simple explanation of how violence happens and is reproduced. Hearn (1998: 27) also claims that there is an under theorization of gender amongst the socially located theories. Certain questions such as why dont girls copy violence like boys do? and why do boys understand and imitate the violence of men but not the violation of women? are extremely important issues which are not addressed in these explanations of male violence. Another set of theories which attempts to explain why men are more violent than women are reactive theories, which can be either psychological or sociological in focus. Reactive theories are based on the idea that violence is a response to external conditions, men use violence when their goals are blocked and non-violent alternatives are ineffective (Hearn 1998). The stress theory suggests that certain factors such as low income, unemployment, part time employment and a large number of children are more likely to cause stress to men which can make them more prone to violence. Despite this, it would be unfair to isolate stress as a causal factor of violence because it is a constant feature of everyday life which everyone, both men and women, have to deal with. Another criticism of this theory is that if stress is a single causal factor of violence then why is it mainly men and not women whoare violent? (Hearn 1998). Reactive theories also look at the abuse of alcohol as an exernal factor, and how this can cause men to act violently. However as Horsfall (1991) outlines alcohol cannot be seen as a direct cause of violence. She concludes that if alcohol is a causal factor of violence, why do some men react violoently when others do not and why does the social structuring of boys and men bring them up to think that in order to feel like a manyou must drink with the boys, often to excess. The construction of gender is a very useful starting point to understand why men are more violent than women. As Moore (1994) writes, discourses about gender construct women and men as different sorts of persons. Discourse that is used to describe men is active; men are portrayed as aggressive, thrusting and powerful (Moore 1994: 138). Whereas discourse that describes women is usually passive; women are portrayed as essentially powerless, submissive and receptive (Moore 1994: 138). However, these constructions actually only have the most peripheral relation to the behaviours of individual women and men. Moore (1994) goes onto describe how discourses engender women and men as persons who are defined by difference(Moore 1994: 139). They produce discursive effects which produce gender difference, therefore producing symbolic or culturally constructed categories of women and men as different from each other. The discourse used to conceptualize violence is also very important as it often tends to take the focus, blame and responsibility away from the man who commits the violence and pushes it towards the family. Phrases such as domestic violence, conjugal violence, marital violence and family violence are often used and although it is important to acknowledge the relational nature of gender and relational context of violence it is equally important not to reduce violence to the product of the relationship' (Hearn 1998: 28). So far we have identified that, according to socially located theories, violence is produced and reproduced through learning, socialization, modelling and imitation, and this can be conceptualized as producing an environment of violence which operates over time (Hearn 1998: 29), for example intergenerational violence. Cultural theorists go on to discuss how these environments can be thought of as a culture with norms and values, or a system with systematic characteristics. They shift the focus away from the individual to take into consideration social relations and raise important issues such as cycles of violence, whereby the victimiser may once have been the victim themselves (Geffner 1989: 107). Multi causal explanations of violence are very important and claim that violence is a result of not just one individual force, but numerous factors working together. Multi causal theorists bring all, or at least some, of the theories I have already discussed together. Edleson et al (1985) put forward a multicausal explanation where they combine: ideas of violence in the mans family origin from the social learning theory; personal characteristics, such as an individuals attitudes and ideas towards violence taken from the psychoanalytical approach; the use of substances as an external force from the reactive theory; and they also condsider the context of violence by looking at demographic and relationship variables and specific violent events from a mans past.

Disorder In School essays

Disorder In School essays Disorder in the schools is an ongoing problem in many high schools across the United States. Schools just dont get students ready for college. They make students think that high school is just like college, and they teach unnecessary classes that make students think that college is easy when its not. The poor teaching skills in many high schools lead to students not being prepared for college. George Will said, Students incivilities include coming to classes late and leaving early, eating, conversing, reading newspapers, talking on cell phones, sleeping, watching portable televisions and directing verbal abuse toward teacher. The reason that he says this is because students think that just because they did these activities when they were in high school, that they can these same activities in college. Students quickly find out, however, that college and high school have very little in common. I came into my first semester of college with the idea that I could just skim through the text and listen in class and it would be just like high school. The reason I thought this way was because teachers in my high school always said college is not that much different from high school, but they were so very wrong. In college each class requires the students to study a minimum of two hours a day. In high school the material is not as complex, so its easier reading which means it won t take as long. All four years of high school I had college entrance English classes, but when I got to college the writing format wasnt the same. In high school I had the basic five-paragraph essay with an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Power writing is another name for the type of essay that we did in high school with first of all, second of all, third of all, and lastly. This way of writing really never made any sense to me anyway, and now I know since I have been in col ...

Element of Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Element of Literature - Essay Example These mothers are somehow estranged with their daughters and disappointed by how they have grown up. Secondly, unbeknown to these mothers, they play a significant role in their children’s becoming. It shows clearly in the manner they care for and love their daughters, which, though done in good faith, have caused them to behave differently instead. Dee, Emily and the girl in the poem may have just been products of the way their mothers have treated them. Mama, the narrator in â€Å"Everyday Use,† is particularly troubled over her eldest daughter’s behavior. Comparing her two daughters, she finds her traditional ways and principles as part of the rift between her and Dee, who is more flashy, modern, materialistic and confident. Mama â€Å"often †¦ fought off the temptation to shake her† (Walker, 1973, p. 745). Her other daughter Maggie is homely, biddable, compassionate and â€Å"used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her† (Walker, 1973, p. 745). Yet as a woman making ends meet for both daughters, even so far as doing strenuous manly activities, Maggie’s everyday presence matters more to her than Dee’s capable but absent self. In fact, between the two, only Dee has gone to college while Maggie stays home. Indeed, there is a measure of estrangement between Mama and Dee. This particular passage speaks of how much Mama is estranged from her eldest daughter: Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort †¦ Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tears in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky flowers. (Walker, 1973, pp. 743-744) Certain passages in the short story also prove how although she has an affection for the elder Dee, she is disappointed in her ways and her views in life. When Mama refuses to give Dee the quilts, she looks at her â€Å"with hatred,† saying, "You just